What risk does improper management of user roles and permissions in Splunk ES pose?

Improper management of user roles and permissions in Splunk ES primarily poses the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive security data. When user roles and permissions are not correctly configured, there may be insufficient restrictions in place that allow users to access data beyond their intended role. This can result in individuals gaining visibility into critical security logs, alerts, or other sensitive information that should only be available to authorized personnel.

In Splunk ES, controlling access to data is essential for maintaining the security posture of an organization. Permissions are designed to ensure that users can only see the data necessary for their job functions, thereby minimizing the risk of data breaches and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. If these permissions are lax or improperly set up, it could lead to potential misuse of information, exposing the organization to internal threats or regulatory penalties.

The other options, while they may represent challenges in different contexts, do not directly stem from the management of user roles and permissions. Data duplication pertains to indexing processes, increased latency relates to query performance, and insufficient storage capacity involves the system's ability to handle data volume, which are not inherently caused by role management issues.